https://www.ijppronline.com/index.php/IJPPR <p style="text-align: justify;">International Journal of Pharma Professional’s Research (IJPPR) is a peer reviewed open access journal that publishes manuscripts trimonthly under the umbrella of <strong>P.R.S.Educational Trust</strong>. IJPPR is committed to upgrade the depth of subjects across various disciplines of pharmaceutical education with the ultimate aim of expending and spreading the research knowledge of people involved in the noble profession.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">The journal deals with all branches of pharmacy, pharmacology ,toxicology, experimental, clinical pharmacology, Pharmacognosy, Behavioral pharmacology, Neuropharmacology, analgesia, Cardiovascular pharmacology, Pulmonary, gastrointestinal, urogenital pharmacology, Endocrine pharmacology, Immuno pharmacology, inflammation, Molecular, cellular pharmacology , history of pharmacy. The primary criteria for acceptance and publication are scientific rigor and potential to advance the field. It is essential that authors prepare their manuscripts according to established specifications. Failure to follow them may result in papers being delayed or rejected. Therefore, contributors are strongly encouraged to read these instructions carefully before preparing a manuscript for submission. The manuscripts should be checked carefully for grammatical errors. All papers are subjected to double blind peer review.</p> P.R.S Educational Trust en-US International Journal of Pharma Professional’s Research (IJPPR) 2249-3948 https://www.ijppronline.com/index.php/IJPPR/article/view/363 Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis is a transient and dangerous metabolic condition characterized by ketoacidosis and considerably lower blood glucose levels which is associated with the usage of newer class of oral antidiabetic medication known as Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors. The primary mechanism involved in SGLT2 inhibitors induced eDKA would due to increased lipolysis and ketone body reabsorption. SGLT2i also tend to increase the pancreatic alpha cells, which simultaneously blocks the beta cells, thereby causing an disruption in glucagon/insulin ratio that accounts to enhanced lipolysis and ketogenesis, which is clinically manifested with Fatigueness, stomach pain, nausea and vomiting resulting in reduced blood pressure and dehydration, altered psychological condition, dyspnea, rapid breathing, loss of appetite, pyrexia and tachycardia. Despite lower blood glucose levels or the absence of urine ketones, euglycemic DKA is difficult to diagnose and should be examined in the differential diagnosis of an ill patient who as a previous history of diabetes mellitus. eDKA is often triggered by insulin absence or dose drop, severe acute sickness, dehydration, strenuous activity, surgeries, low-carbohydrate meals, or heavy alcohol or drug abuse. Making the definitive diagnosis using conventional diagnostic tools and clinical standards, as well as coordinating fluid resuscitation, insulin treatment, and electrolyte replacement based on information gained from prompt patient observing and knowledge of resolution criteria, are all components of management and the prevention method includes patient and physician education on risk and precipitating factors and suspending SGLT2 inhibitors therapy may reduce SGLT2 inhibitor-induced eDKA, which are more critical. This review briefly illustrates on the signs & symptoms, mechanism of induction, investigation and diagnosis, prevention and treatment of SGLT2 inhibitors-induced Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis (eDKA). Neena Kirubakaran E.M Aakash. R Aswin Prathap. S Deepak Raj. S Dharshne. P. T Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Pharma Professional’s Research (IJPPR) 2024-01-10 2024-01-10 15 1 1 9 https://www.ijppronline.com/index.php/IJPPR/article/view/364 The term “pharmacovigilance,” first proposed in the 1970s, has gradually gained traction to become one of the two common terms of art for the overall discipline, the other, older term being “drug safety.” “World Health Organization (WHO)” as “the science and activities relating to the detection, assessment, understanding and prevention of drug-related problems”. The information about suspect product is collected from healthcare providers and patients to detect and prevent abnormalities associated with it. Therefore, PV deals with adverse effects of drug, poly-pharmacy, paradoxical reactions, and severe adverse events. Automation in pharmacovigilance entails using cognitive technologies such as machine learning (ML) and advanced analytics to transform legacy data compilation processes and information gathering for regulatory approval. Automation technologies have strong potential to automate routine work and balance resource use across safety risk management and other pharmacovigilance activities. This article provides an overview of automation in pharmacovigilance. Dolly Chauhan Ashish Jain Davinder Kumar Abhimit Kumar Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Pharma Professional’s Research (IJPPR) 2024-01-10 2024-01-10 15 1 10 26 https://www.ijppronline.com/index.php/IJPPR/article/view/365 The Indian healthcare scenario presents a spectrum of contrasting landscapes. In all, 400 million individuals had no access to any form of basic healthcare while two billion people do not have access to required medications. Therefore, more than one-fourth of the world population has unmet health needs. This leaves the global community with the challenge of how to support a significant number of the world’s populace still lacking in access to basic healthcare facilities. AI has been a disruptive healthcare innovation. With its sophisticated algorithms and several applications, AI has assisted doctors and medical professionals in the domains of health information systems, geocoding health data, epidemic and syndromic surveillance, predictive modelling and decision support, and medical imaging. Artificial intelligence (AI) rapidly dominates the health service system. It removes the manual health system into automatic, in which humans conduct the routine works/tasks in medical practice to the management of patients and medical resources. Drug development is a famously costly procedure. Machine Learning can improve the efficiency of many of the analytical techniques used in drug development. In terms of practical implications, this paper aims to create a fruitful discussion with healthcare professionals and administrative staff and the role of artificial intelligence in healthcare system. Furthermore, this investigation offers a broad comprehension of bibliometric variables of AI techniques in healthcare. Ashish Jain Dolly Chauhan Rupam Kumar Singh Mandeep Kaur Archna Septa Copyright (c) 15 1 27 40 https://www.ijppronline.com/index.php/IJPPR/article/view/366 Digitalization is a pressing necessity with enormous potential to alter economic growth parameters, forging a mutually beneficial relationship with employment generation and long-term sustainability. The domain of healthcare has been moving into the digital world relatively late and only recently has started with digitalizing processes and services on a larger scale. Still, the potential for disruption in the healthcare industry is enormous. Healthcare digitization brings about many benefits to both patients and healthcare professionals throughout different stages in the patient journey. In this paper we review existing impact of digitalization in healthcare system. Digital health indeed needs to be seen as a broad concept whereby the purposes of healthcare are served through technologies that are combined for universal healthcare access, applications across various multi-disciplinary fields and ecosystems in healthcare and the health journey of people, as patients needing (access to) care and as citizens enabled to live healthier and prevent sickness. We conclude by outlining the implications and benefits of digitizing healthcare. There is a potential to improve healthcare by digitalization. Dr. Yamini Jamwal Ashish Jain Dipendra Kumar Ray Suttu Sneh Ranjan Ashish Kumar Copyright (c) 15 1 41 56 https://www.ijppronline.com/index.php/IJPPR/article/view/367 Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a common endocrine-metabolic illness marked by polycystic ovaries, persistent anovulation, and hyperandrogenism, resulting in symptoms of monthly irregularity, infertility, and hirsutism. Various medicinal therapies for polycystic ovarian syndrome have been offered. However, the potential adverse effects of long-term therapies, as well as their limited effectiveness, have made complementary and alternative treatments a viable choice. According to recent estimates, the usage of complementary therapies is on the rise. Various plants like Saraca asoka, Moringa olifera, Asparagus racemosus, Cimicifuga racemose etc., proved active in the treatment of polycystic ovarian syndrome. In this review, attempts have been made to summarize the important medicinal plants which are used in the treatment or prevention of polycystic ovarian syndrome. This article will be helpful for the upcoming researchers in their investigation of Polycystic ovarian syndrome. Rajni Kumari Ranjan Kumar Singh Ajay Garg Copyright (c) 15 1 57 71 https://www.ijppronline.com/index.php/IJPPR/article/view/391 "Drug delivery systems utilizing vesicular nanocarriers represent a revolutionary approach in modern pharmaceutical science. These innovative systems harness the potential of nanotechnology to enhance therapeutic efficacy, improve drug bioavailability, and mitigate adverse effects. Vesicular nanocarriers, encompassing liposomes, niosomes, ethosomes, and transfersomes among others, exhibit remarkable versatility in encapsulating diverse pharmaceutical agents, ranging from small molecules to biologics. Their unique structural properties and tunable characteristics enable precise modulation of drug release kinetics, facilitating targeted delivery and controlled release at the desired site of action. Moreover, these nanocarriers offer inherent advantages, including increased stability, reduced toxicity, and the potential to overcome biological barriers, thereby revolutionizing the landscape of drug delivery. This abstract explores the state-of-the-art advancements, promising applications, and future prospects of vesicular nanocarriers, shedding light on their transformative role in optimizing therapeutic outcomes and paving the way for personalized medicine." Sarita Garg Copyright (c) 15 1 72 87 https://www.ijppronline.com/index.php/IJPPR/article/view/369 Objective of the study: To assess prescribing pattern of antihypertensive drugs use and adherence to various clinical guidelines in the Hospital. Materials and methods: A prospective observational study was carried out for a period of six months in the IPD and OPD tertiary care hospital. Prescriptions were analyzed during the study period. All the patients of age ≥ 20 (20-70 age) years with or without comorbidities, including males and females, who were diagnosed with hypertension as per JNC 8, ESH/ESC, NICE, STG, IHG, and receiving antihypertensive drugs were included. Discussion: The results of our study suggested that out of the total number of hypertensive patients (202) males were 54.45% witch females were 45.55%. Therefore, there was immensely need of proper awareness about the hypertension and its etiologies among the population especially of younger generation. In this scenario, clinical pharmacist could do a lot more for the patients and overall society because of their expertise in Pharmaceutical Care. Conclusion: Calcium channel blockers, Diuretics, ARB as monotherapy and ARB with CCB as combination therapy were the choices for the treatment of Hypertensive patients as a single drug and combination drug therapy. As per the JNC 8 & ESC/ESH guidelines majority of the prescription patterns were achieved and found optimal at the study site. Dr. Arun Kumar Sharad Kumar Sheetal Singh Tomer Ashish Bedi Copyright (c) 15 1 88 96 https://www.ijppronline.com/index.php/IJPPR/article/view/370 Diabetes is a chronic carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolic condition characterised by elevated fasting and postprandial blood sugar levels. The global prevalence of diabetes is expected to rise from 4% in 1995 to 5.4% by 2025. According to WHO, the majority of the burden will fall on underdeveloped countries. Plants have been used as a source of medicine since prehistoric times. Plants are mentioned in Ayurveda and other Indian literature as being used in the treatment of many human illnesses. There are over 45000 plant species in India, and thousands of them have been claimed to have therapeutic characteristics. In recent decades, research on plants described in ancient literature or used historically for diabetes has revealed anti-diabetic properties. Nidhi Gupta Swatantra Shukla Rakesh Bharatia Copyright (c) 15 1 97 104 https://www.ijppronline.com/index.php/IJPPR/article/view/371 Hepatocellular carcinoma is a problem for the world's health. a predicted incidence of more than 1 million cases by 2025. With over 90% of cases, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent kind of liver cancer. The main risk factors for HCC development are hepatitis B and C virus infection, while non-alcoholic steatohepatitis linked to metabolic syndrome or diabetes mellitus is increasingly common in the west. Furthermore, HCC with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-associated molecular pathogensis is distinct. A quarter of all HCCs have potentially treatable mutations that have not yet been applied in clinical settings. When clinical deterioration occurs, HCC is frequently detected, and survival is then assessed as a risk factor. utilizing alfa-fetoprotein (AFP), a serum maker, frequently in conjunction with ultrasound. The accuracy of monitoring is currently being improved by testing a number of other serologic indicators. More advanced imaging techniques, such CT scan and MRI, which have multiphasic contract enhancing capabilities, are frequently needed for the diagnosis of HCC. When serum AFP levels are significantly increased, which happens in less than half of cases at the time of diagnosis, it can be useful to use serum AFP alone. When the diagnosis of HCC is still undetermined, a liver biopsy might be used to confirm the diagnosis. The present requirement for molecular information, which necessitates tissue or liquid biopsies, challenges diagnosis based on non-invasive criteria. The management of patients with advanced HCC has been altered by recent significant developments. Checkpoint inhibitors, tyrosine, and even combinations of two immunotherapy treatments are among the combination medicines that new trials are investigating. The results of these trials are anticipated to alter the HCC management environment at all evolutionary stages. Nidhi Gupta Neha Yadav Rakesh Bharatia Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Pharma Professional’s Research (IJPPR) 2024-01-11 2024-01-11 15 1 105 118 https://www.ijppronline.com/index.php/IJPPR/article/view/375 Due to their great biocompatibility, biodegradability, and minimal immunogenicity, liposomes are now the most widely employed nanocarriers for a variety of hydrophobic and hydrophilic compounds that may be biologically active. Additionally, liposomes demonstrated improved drug solubility and regulated distribution. They also showed the ability to modify the surface of drugs for targeted, extended, and sustained release. Liposomes can be thought of as having developed from traditional, long-circulating, targeted, and immunological liposomes to stimuli-responsive and actively targeted liposomes based on their composition. More liposomes have advanced stages in clinical trials, and many liposomal-based drug delivery systems are currently clinically licensed to treat several disorders, including cancer, fungal infections, and viral infections. This review discusses the composition, preparation procedures, and clinical uses of liposomes. Sakshi Ranjan Kumar Singh Copyright (c) 15 1 119 127 https://www.ijppronline.com/index.php/IJPPR/article/view/376 Due to their great biocompatibility, biodegradability, and minimal immunogenicity, liposomes are now the most widely employed nanocarriers for a variety of hydrophobic and hydrophilic compounds that may be biologically active. Additionally, liposomes demonstrated improved drug solubility and regulated distribution. They also showed the ability to modify the surface of drugs for targeted, extended, and sustained release. Liposomes can be thought of as having developed from traditional, long-circulating, targeted, and immunological liposomes to stimuli-responsive and actively targeted liposomes based on their composition. More liposomes have advanced stages in clinical trials, and many liposomal-based drug delivery systems are currently clinically licensed to treat several disorders, including cancer, fungal infections, and viral infections. This review discusses the composition, preparation procedures, and clinical uses of liposomes. Rakesh Bharatia Nidhi Gupta Preeti Upadhyay Shivam Kumar Tiwari Shivangi Gupta Kanchan Sahni Copyright (c) 15 1 128 141 https://www.ijppronline.com/index.php/IJPPR/article/view/377 Aim: The chief motive for doing the research is to estimate the therapeutic outcomes of aqueous extract of Dolichos trilobus to respond diabetes induced by Streptozotocin. Materials & methods: The primary focus is to calculate the therapeutic effects of Dolichos trilobus given once orally to the two test groups. Thirty Wistar Albino rats were equally circulated between five groups. Study of Dolichos trilobus aqueous extract was carried out for 21 days. During this period twelve rats were divided to form two different groups and were given a dose of“200 mg/kg/day, 400 mg/kg/day”. No mortality was seen at 400mg/kg even after constantly dosing for next 21 days, considered it safe. Control group was given distilled water on the dose of 10ml/kg/day orally. Streptozotocin was given to both the Negative group as well as Standard group on the dose of 60mg/kg/day via Intra-peritoneal route. Glibenclamide has been set to the Standard group on the dose of 10mg/kg/day orally. Aqueous extract of Dolichos trilobus (Sickle Bean) was given to the Test-1 group on the dose of 200mg/kg/day orally. Aqueous extract of Dolichos trilobus was given to the Test-2 group at a dose of 400mg/kg/day orally. Results: Streptozotocin causes hypoinsulinemia and hyperglycemia due to production of pancreatic islet β-cell destruction. The diabetes was confirmed by increased level of glucose in blood, lipid per oxidation (MDA level), reduction in GSH level, food intake, body weight and histopathological variations were seen in negative group are compared to control group. This evaluation has shown that there was no major diversity in between Standard group and Test-3 (Aqueous extract of Dolichos trilobus 200 mg/kg) group. It means Test-3 have nearly same therapeutic efficacy as standard drug. Conclusion: The conclusion of the research indicates that the aqueous extract for Dolichos trilobus L. has antidiabetic action against diabetes induced by Streptozotocin. Arun Kumar Ritik Saxena Monika Singh Moumita Barman Copyright (c) 15 1 142 150 https://www.ijppronline.com/index.php/IJPPR/article/view/384 Non-ionic surfactants self-assemble into vesicular systems called niosomes in aqueous solutions with the help of physical agitation or high temperatures. Nonionic surfactants, as opposed to phospholipids, are used as the constituents of the membrane, which circumvents many of the drawbacks of liposomes, including inadequate chemical stability, phospholipids' oxidation susceptibility, high production costs, and the need for particular handling and storage conditions. Because of their unique shape, which consists of an inner aqueous compartment encircled by a hydrophobic membrane, hydrophilic and hydrophobic drug molecules can be incorporated and delivered, respectively. In addition, niosomes are biocompatible, biodegradable, nontoxic, and osmotically active. Niosomes were first proposed as a workable solution for the cosmetics industry in the 1970s, and in the 1980s, L'Oreal filed for patents on the ingredient. Their advantageous qualities establish theIn recent times, there has been a dramatic shift in the treatment of infectious diseases and vaccination strategies. Along with the creation of many biologicals targeted at specific diseases, biotechnology and genetic engineering have also brought attention to the effective delivery of these biologicals. Niosomes, which are vesicles made of non-ionic surfactants and less expensive than liposomes, are biodegradable, harmless, stable, and less expensive than liposomes. This article summarizes various studies that have examined the effectiveness of using niosomes for various diseases. Rakesh Bharatia Nidhi Gupta Preeti Upadhyay Shailendra Kumar Vipul Kumar Copyright (c) 15 1 151 166 https://www.ijppronline.com/index.php/IJPPR/article/view/385 Ayurveda is a natural medicine system that originated in India over 3,000 years ago. The name "Ayurveda" (science or knowledge) is derived from the Sanskrit words Ayur (life) and Veda. Thus, the name Ayurveda, which means "knowledge of life." The popularity of Ayurveda, or traditional. Since most patients begin taking conventional medications as soon as they are diagnosed, ayurvedic therapies are usually administered in combination with or after orthodox medical techniques. To properly grasp the potential effect of food, spices, and medicinal plants, one must have a thorough understanding of their actions. Realizing the potential of Ayurvedic medicine and philosophy and incorporating it into contemporary medical practice is crucial. There are some significant differences between the mechanisms of action of synthetic pharmaceuticals and single constituents and those of polyherbal treatments and their extracts. Despite being based on natural herbal elements, the safety of ayurvedic treatments depends on how they are delivered, taking into account the needs of the individual and their specific sickness circumstances. Many contemporary drugs are derived from the botanicals used in Ayurveda and other traditional medicinal systems. It is expected that a significant step toward resolving some of the current challenges in treating complex disorders like arthritis with only modern pharmaceuticals would be the confirmation of a combined therapy strategy (Ayurveda and contemporary medicine) with improved efficacy and safety. Rakesh Bharatia Nidhi Gupta Preeti Upadhyay Shailendra Kumar Copyright (c) 15 1 167 172 https://www.ijppronline.com/index.php/IJPPR/article/view/386 Traditionally, heparin was given to patients who needed parenteral anticoagulation, while warfarin was given to patients who needed oral anticoagulation. There has been a push to create newer, more potent anticoagulants because of warfarin's limited therapeutic index and the requirement for regular laboratory monitoring. For the prevention and treatment of thrombosis, anticoagulants continue to be the principal approach. Since direct thrombin inhibitors are usually saved for patients who need intervention or who have complications, unfractionated heparin, low molecular weight heparin, and warfarin have all been thoroughly studied and used. As a result of their improved pharmacodynamic profiles and ease of use, novel oral anticoagulants are predicted to supplant older ones once they emerge from clinical development. Of all the side effects of anticoagulants, bleeding is the most worrying. Anticoagulant pharmacology, dosage, and toxicity are widely used, so clinicians must be well-versed in these areas. Sadia Parveen Ankit Vashist Neha Jain Ravindra Pal Singh Arsh Chanana Copyright (c) 15 1 173 187 https://www.ijppronline.com/index.php/IJPPR/article/view/387 In-situ forming polymeric gel formulations are drug delivery systems that are in solution form before administration in the nasal cavity, but once administered, undergo gelation to form a gel enhancing the flexibility of administration. The gel formation depends on factors like temperature modulation, pH change, presence of ions, and ultraviolet irradiation, from which the drug gets released in a sustained and controlled manner. In recent years, the nasal route has been identified as a promising alternative drug delivery route for systemic therapy. Various nasal formulations show less residence time while Mucoadhesive in situ gel formulations have demonstrated an increase in the residence time in the nasal cavity as well enhancement of the permeation characteristics of the drug will reduce the dosage frequency and it enhance patient compliance. With a brief introduction to nasal drug delivery, in this paper, the use of novel mucoadhesive in situ gels for the intranasal delivery of drugs is reviewed along with methods available for evaluating in situ gels. Yuvraj Singh J. Gohil Ankita Patel Copyright (c) 15 1 188 199